Sunday, 26 October 2008

goke adeyemi: maga no need pay me... I GO WORK FOR MY DOUGH!!!

goke adeyemi: maga no need pay me... I GO WORK FOR MY DOUGH!!!

Saturday, 25 October 2008

maga no need pay me... I GO WORK FOR MY DOUGH!!!


If there was anything i could boast off that i achieved today, i would boast of that statement used as my this blogs title. i learnt this today at "The Alternative"., an event put together by microsoft nigeria and paradigm initiative nigeria, also sponsored by soundcity, planet 1 entertainment, new nigeria club, blarque brotha entertainment, nairahost, telecom group, nigeria computer society.

"The Alternative" is all about our opportunity to redirect the energy of young Nigerians – from Yahoo! Yahoo! – towards positive engagements, through the Internet Safety, Security and Privacy Initiative for Nigeria (ISSPIN) campaign and follow-up project.

















In attendance were rsource persons and personalities from the ICT field, ISSA Abuja, Microsoft Nigeria, the chairman of telecom group, prof. Pat Utomi and so on.

The event was also spiced by the the lagimo duo of rooftop mcs , the Etisalat man... Banky W who thrilled the audience stunning steps and dance moves, Owen Gee was alsomon ground doing what he is known to do best.





















Rooftop Mcs didnt only sing, they also gave some words of advice and encouragement to the audince, they spoke about their past and how they were able to make it within 8years. according soulsnatcha, success is a gradual thing which comes in stages, he said, "In life, there are stages"

Banky W, also had his own, he was so delighted to be present.

Also at the event were presentation of gifts to the top 10 winners of an essay competition focussed ICT and curbing cyber crimes in nigeria. the winner of the essay competion, a student from the department of electrical and electronics engineering from the university of lagos, akoka

secondary school students were not left out as students from niger state were presented with cash prizes, computers, phones and other computer accesories.

there was a display of a video clip on what gbenga sesan is would be up to in the ICT industry in nigeria. a relity tv show. watch out for it and watch out for me!!!















Mr. Gbenga Sesan thank you for the move to stop crime, thank you microsoft nigeria. thank you all other sponsors.


nigeria will be great! nigeria will flourish!! nigians will succeed!!!














I am proud to be nigerian

Sunday, 19 October 2008

AGBARA ESTATE




AGBARA ESTATE

Agbara Estate is the foremost private initiative in New Town development in Nigeria. The estate is a model integrated Town development on 454.1 hectares of land being managed by AE Property Services Limited, a subsidiary of Lawsons Corporation Nigeria Limited. It is situated approximately 31 kilometers west of Lagos on the Lagos-Badagry expressway on high ground above the Owo River and derives its name from the neighboring Agbara village.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

The initial intention was to start an industrial estate/layout in an area, which was outside Lagos metropolis but still within easy reach of Lagos in keeping with the government of the day’s policy to encourage rural development. Consequently, in the early 1970s, Chief Adeyemi Lawson under the auspices of Lawsons and Company Limited began to purchase land from the original owners/families/settlers at Agbara village. He then commissioned Architects Godwin and Hopwood and Surveyors Knight Frank and Rutley, to prepare a feasibility study into a proposal to develop this land into an industrial and residential estate. As a result of this study, a Master Plan was prepared and approved by the Local Planning Authorities.

However, in 1976, the Ogun State Government compulsorily acquired all land in Agbara, Igbesa and Ado-Odo areas, the over 900 hectares belonging to Lawsons and Company inclusive. The Ogun State Government considered the resources already committed and infrastructural work that had been done on the Agbara Estate project, and agreed to lease back 454.1 hectares to Lawsons and Company; this leasehold interest, for a term of 99 years from 1st January, 1978, was subsequently transferred to Agbara Estates Limited.

ACCESSIBILITY TO AGBARA ESTATE

A new Federal Highway to Sokoto passes through the Southwestern corner of the Estate. However, the expressway is yet to be completed but steps are being taken to ensure that this is done soon. The Estate is within half an hour from Lagos, within twenty minutes of the border of the Republic of Benin and there is easy access to all parts of Nigeria through the new Federal Highway. Good communication links together with good load-bearing laterite soils combine to make the estate exceptionally conducive for all kinds of development.

Agbara Estate is easily accessible from Mile 2. This has been made easier by the construction of the Festac Bridge which has greatly decongested the traffic. Other routes include the LASU-Iba and the Atan-Otta roads.

PHYSICAL FEATURES/GEOLOGY AND SOIL

Agbara Estate is on a laterite outcrop in an area of lowland behind the swamp forest of the Ologe Lagoon. The estate lies at the boundary of Ogun State. It is fairly flat, approximately 50 feet above the sea level, gently sloping into River Owo and the swamp areas to the South and East while gently undulating to the North and West. A few valleys dissect the site which is in an area of recent geological deposits with sandbanks and creeks behind the coast and a laterite outcrop to the north of the Badagry laterite 200mm to 250mm in depth with a low humus content and low PH level. Subsoil conditions in the estate will not involve EXPENSIVE or SPECIAL foundations. This is a great advantage over places like the Lekki peninsula and parts of Victoria Island and Ikoyi, where the cost of putting a raft foundation is conservatively put at over half a million Naira. This amount is enough to finish the foundation and all block works of a four-bedroom duplex at Agbara Estate.

MASTER PLAN

The overall concept of the Master Plan was the evolution of a total environment, which promotes high standards of healthy living condition for all. Its primary objective was to provide a balanced new town with industrial, commercial, residential and recreational land use which are complemented by efficient infrastructural services and community facilities.

A definite character and identity would be created for the Estate through design of industrial, commercial and residential buildings with greater emphasis placed on landscaping and maintenance. The development at the early stages was carried out under the guidance of the most accomplished firms of estate surveyors and town planners (Knight Frank & Rutley), architects (Godwin & Hopwood: Max Lock and Partners; Anthony Goss and Partners) and engineers in the country who have been able to combine their local knowledge with experience gained from their worldwide activities.

The Estate has been divided into the Northern and Southern Industrial areas; three separate phased residential areas, commercial and recreational areas.

Industrial Areas

The industrial areas constitute 41.55% (188.289 hectares) of the whole estate and provide sites for the under-listed industrial concerns, some of which are members of multinational conglomerates, operating some of their most modern purpose built factories in the country.

LIST OF FACTORIES

Southern Industrial Zone

Beta Glass Nigeria PLC - 14.53 hectares

Vitamalt PLC - 14.47

Pharma Deko II - 2.028

Nestle Nig. PLC - 16.29

Lotus Plastics Nig. PLC - 4.99

Reckitt Benckiser Nig. Limited - 4.04

DIL/Maltex (Nig.) PLC - 4.437

Nestle Nig. Plc. II

Northern Industrial Zone

Evans Medical Nig. PLC - 8.87

Unilever Nig. PLC - 9.16

Pharma Deko (Nig.) PLC - 2.43

Colodense Nig. PLC - 4.41

Pace Factory Ltd - 0.79

GlaxoSmithkline Nig. PLC - 9.858

Cometstar Cables Ltd - 3.20

Henley Industries (Sodium Silicate) - 2.414

Henley Industries (Lamps Factory) - 3.554

Globus Resources Ltd -

Most of these industries belong to the food and beverages and pharmaceutical group. The location and accessibility of Agbara Estate makes it an advantageous place to site an industry since raw materials and finished goods can easily be transported to and away from the factories.

12 HECTARES OF INDUSTRIAL LAND IS STILL AVAILABLE FOR SALE

Commercial Area

There are two commercial areas; one located along Abeokuta Road, one of the primary roads on the estate and, the other area is a strip of land backing the Lagos-Badagry expressway. On the former is located the town center, which accommodates a shopping arcade (already completed but presently belongs to Messrs First Medical Industries Limited) and a number of community facilities. The latter provides sites for the commercial banks e.g. UNION BANK NIG. PLC, FIRST BANK NIG. PLC and THE UBA GROUP PLC, ZENITH BANK PLC, FIRST CITY MONUMENT BANK all of which are in operation.

The remaining UNSOLD space of about 1 hectare has been allocated for the development of office buildings.

Residential Area

There are 3 residential areas in the Estate. It is the aim of the Master Plan to create residential areas each with its identity and character and each with its own facilities. The unifying element in the design of the three residential phases will be the Green Belt. Residential Phase 1 is the phase recently under development and has all its plots serviced. The CLUB DRIVE, which is an extension of Phase 1 lie between the Agbara Estates Limited Site Office and the Estate Club. Plans are afoot to commence the development of Phases II and III.

The design proposals for all the phases are based on the neighbourhood unit principle. The primary objective of this planning principle is the creation of pleasant and safe environment for residents. The residential area is planned in such a way that no house is far from amenities such as the playgrounds and the open spaces.

Today, the Residential Phase I accommodates about 5,000 inhabitants while the Estate receives an extraneous human traffic of more than 50,000 daily. These people come to the various industries to transact one business or the other. In addition, there are five higher institutions (Five Universities plus One College of Education) with distances of few kilometers to Agbara Estate. Each Institution comprises not less than 5,000 population each.

The Estate will commence the development of its Third residential Phase which will accommodate between 15,000 to 20,000 inhabitants.

LAND PURCHASE

By virtue of the Lease Agreement dated 12th JUNE, 1978 and registered as No. 3 at Page 3 in vol. 4 of the Lands Registry in the office at Abeokuta between Ogun State Government and Lawsons & Company Limited, now Agbara Estates Limited. Subleases are granted for 90 years from 1st JANUARY 1978, of course with the consent of the former. No ground rent is payable. Land at Agbara Estate is therefore totally free of title disputes. On payment for a plot, the sublease is registered at Lands Registry Abeokuta and a copy of the registered deed is given to the plot owner. No single plot can be registered twice. Except the former Subleassee decides to relinquish or surrender his/her interest to a third party in whose name a fresh registration would be affected. The residential plot is currently sold at N4,000/m2 that makes it cheaper than a carpet of same size.

DEVELOPMENT

All developments on the Estate are directly controlled and supervised by Agbara Estates Limited. In as much as plot owners are allowed to develop according to their individual taste, it has to conform with the laid down regulations, a copy of which is given to an intending developer. The residential area is kept strictly for residential purposes. Ditto for industrial and commercial areas. These controls have helped in preventing a re-occurrence of the FESTAC TOWN experience within the estate.

Industries can only be sited if the environmental impact analysis report submitted by them to Agbara Estates Limited shows that no negative impact would be felt or experienced by that industry, its neighbours or the estate as a whole

EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES

The Corona Schools Trust Council in appreciation of the serene and conducive learning environment offered by Agbara Estate started its only secondary school on the Estate in the early 1990’s. It is located within the Phase 1 Residential Area. Each of the other two residential phases will have its school. In addition, there is the Federal Government College, Ijanikin, located about 2 kilometers to the Estate. There is also the Lagos State College of Education, now known as Adeniran Ogunsanya College of Education and Lagos State University located less than a kilometer and about 10 kilometers respectively from the Estate. Both institutions run staff schools providing primary and secondary education.

INFRASTRUCTURE

Roads

Two Federal Highways service the estate. The Lagos-Badagry Expressway runs along the Southern fringes of the estate and the yet to be completed Lagos-Sokoto Highway bifurcates the estate. The two sides are linked to the highway through T-junctions. 6 meters tar macadam two-way single carriageway roads service the industrial zones. Residential and Commercial plots have tarred roads accessing into them.

Electricity

The Estate is connected to the National Grid and an 11/33KV Station has already been energized on the estate. Each development is connected to the station through overhead lines. However all the factories have it necessary to have power generating sets as back-ups or standbys. It is only stating the obvious to say that power supply in Agbara estate is more regular than any part of Lagos.

Agbara Estates Limited is presently exploring the idea of installing an Independent Power Plant (IPP) to service all tenants.

Water Treatment Plant

Water is mainly sourced from the under-ground reservoirs through the boreholes drilled by the Management of the Estate. The water is treated in the treatment plant from where it is circulated through underground mains into residential properties for domestic use. Each residential development is connected to the mains on completion. Due to the large volume used by some of the factories each provides its own water supply which is also through boreholes.

Drainage

Natural drainage is by streams that drain down to Ologe Lagoon, a fresh water lake. Artificial drainage is by V-shaped earth drains abutting all the roads to the Estate. The earth drains are grassed (30,000m2 of grass planted by hand) and mowed regularly. (Functional landscaping)

Sewage Treatment Plant

There is a Sewage Treatment Plant, an Aerated Lagoon System that collects and treats both domestic and industrial effluents through oxidation process before discharging the treated effluents into the Ologe Lagoon through a stream. The Plant is the first of its type in Nigeria. Sewage pipes are laid to connect individual residential, commercial and industrial properties to the treatment plant and manholes are provided at road boundaries of all plots.

Communication

Nitel now has an office on the estate with lines dedicated for tenants only. It is worthy to note that the telephone has a Lagos exchange. Also, Multilinks, Globacom. And GTE all have their presence on the Estate.

OTHER SERVICES

Security

Managing Agents, AE Property Services Limited (AEPSL) provides Security on the Estate. The Nigerian Police Force, Agbara, provides additional security, to this end; the Managing Agents officially quarter incumbent D.PO.’s within the estate. The Tollgate points on the Estate apart from generating income also serve as security screening points for vehicles on the Estate.

Refuse Collection

The Managing Agents provide each household with refuse disposal bags on a regular basis. The refuse is collected twice weekly from the Residential Sector by a licensed Waste Collection Contractor and dumped only at approved government dumping sites outside the Estate.

EXPECTED NEW PROJECTS

Petrol Station

The ever-increasing population of residents on the estate and the anticipated inconvenience following lack of such a facility has necessitated the inclusion of a standard petrol/service station in the master plan. The designated location for the petrol station is at the entrance of the Estate beside the Police Station.

RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

Club House

Rehabilitation of the Agbara Estate Club house is at an advance stage and should be completed shortly. Provisions will be made to provide outdoor games facilities e.g. Lawn Tennis, Basketball and the rehabilitation of the swimming pool. In-door games will include a complete gymnasium, table tennis boards and a billiard (snooker) table. It will be operated on a membership basis and will have provisions for a conference room/hall as well as accommodation.

The Green Belt, which runs right across the residential phases, is presently being developed in phases. Part of phase one which is located in the Phase 1 residential area has already been fully grassed and is well maintained, there is a football pitch, lawn tennis court, Badminton on joint effort. Some shade trees have been planted and children play things put in place. Provision is being made for the erection of park benches and thatched huts.

Independent Power Plant

The Management of Agbara Estates Limited is working out the modalities for the establishment of an Independent Gas Faired Power Plant to supply electricity to the Industrial and Residential tenants. This project will use Gas to be supplied by the Shell Nigeria Limited, through its new gas pipelines which is nearing completion. Some of the factories have already made substantial investments in the purchase of gas-fired equipment for their operations.

FOR

FURTHER

INFORMATION

AE Property Services Limited

1, Igbesa Road,

Agbara Estate

Email: aepservsltd@yahoo.com

Tuesday, 7 October 2008

LSDPC Ijaiye Medium Housing Estate Phase 1

LSDPC Ijaiye Medium Housing Estate Phase 1

Introduction

This estate was built by the Lagos state development and Property Corporation in the year 1986-19876 during Governor Muda-Shiru’s administration. It was built as result of the housing problems in Lagos state. The buildings were contracted out to different contractors and supervised by the LSDPC.

After the building of the estate, it was sold out in 1988 and people started moving into the estate in 1989. Those who could not afford buying the flats at once got mortgages loans from the Lagos Building Investments Corporation LBIC and paid gradually until they finally owned their own flat.

Housing types

The estate is designed as a storey building with 4 flats each on a block. It is a 3 bedroom flat with a spacious kitchen, 2 toilets and a bathroom. The buildings are well designed and are well laid out and are all of the same shape. The estate constitutes 84blocks and newly added blocks from A – G which makes up 91 blocks. These blocks are distributed into seven zones with an average of 13 blocks in a zone. The zones are connected with well laid out roads and footpaths that make s the state accessible for vehicles and pedestrian. Buildings are well spaced and arranged than the low income estate. Roads are tarred likewise the footpaths and vehicle parks.

The estate is a standard estate which is designed for the medium income earners.

Problems

Pollution: as a result of inefficiency in power supply, residents switch to generator both day and night whenever there is power outage. These generators increase amount of noise in the neighborhood and will lead to earring problems. At night, the noise of the generators irritates the residents by disturbing their rest as will lead fatigue.

Air pollution is another problem associated with the use of generating steps because the gases that come out from the exhaust are dangerous and this endangers lives. Almost 90% of the residents have their generators and they are of different sizes.

This will cause vibration in the buildings and noise whenever there is power failure at night.

Shopping: there are no shopping areas in the estate as such residents have indiscriminately erected shops and containers. However the shops vary in sizes and materials and haphazardly arranged resulting to an unsightly environment and unsustainable use of space. The shops found on site are many and majorities have been marked by the LSDPC for demolition.

Socio Economic Facilities of the estate

Good road network: the roads in the estate are tarred and well laid out. The size of the road in the estate is between 8-9meters which can accommodate two vehicles comfortably without any interruption in the flow of traffic. The roads link up with car parks and house for maximum capacity. The roads also give the estate a good look of standard and allow the buildings to command a good marker rent.

Drainage: the drainage channel is connected round the estate along road sides and car parks. The drains are clean and the levels of water in drains are low. The estate shows a low possible risk of flooding. This facility helps to reduce disease causing organism dirt or polluted water.

Recreation: there is an open space in the centre of the estate in which children use as a playground for different sporting activities such as football, basketball, etc. majority play football a post at both ends.

Water supply: the estate enjoys portable water because the majority of the residents can afford to make bore holes or wells. Portable water is one of the least possible problems that are found among ost members of the estate.

Refuse and sewage: the estate waste from residents of each house is disposed with trucks by the private sector participants weekly. Thereby keeping the estate clean from dirt littered around. Also making the estate’s environment friendlier. In the case of the sewage disposal, residents have both septic tanks and soak away in which the sewage is disposed.

Electricity: presently, the estate use different transformers for power supply in each zone but PHCN in charge of power supply have started erecting new and mini-transformers which is more powerful than the former and will serve each block in the estate.

Security: the estate has a main gate and a back gate. Entry and exit of vehicles follow the main gate while the back gate is only opened to pedestrians. There is a check point at the main gate on cars that are willing to enter or leave the estate so as to void crime and foster safety of the residents. The estate is secured by uniformed man o wars who take job shift during day and night. The estate gate is closed at 12 midnight to every vehicle and pedestrian. This is to reduce the attacks from armed robbers.

Religious facilities:

The estate has within it, two mosques and a church as a place of worship. One of the mosques was built by an individual beside his house while the other was built by the Muslim community. The church is also built by an individual in the compound. This could rather be referred to s a fellowship.

The Ozone Layer

The Ozone Layer

"The Ozone layer" refers to the ozone within stratosphere, where over 90% of the earth's ozone resides. Ozone is an irritating, corrosive, colorless gas with a smell something like burning electrical wiring. In fact, ozone is easily produced by any high-voltage electrical arc (spark plugs, Van de Graff generators, Tesla coils, arc welders). Each molecule of ozone has three oxygen atoms and is produced when oxygen molecules (O2) are broken up by energetic electrons or high energy radiation. The ozone layer absorbs 97-99% of the sun's high frequency Ultraviolet light , light which is potentially damaging to life on earth. Every 1% decrease in the earths ozone shield is projected to increases the amount of UV light exposure to the lower atmosphere by 2%. Because this would cause more ozone to form in the lower atmosphere, it is uncertain how much of UV light would actually reach the earth’s surface. Recent UV measurements from around the northern hemisphere indicate small UV increases in rural areas and almost no increase in areas near large cities.

The overall amount of ozone is essentially stable in a natural cycle. This has been true for millions of years. Since some decades, according to atmospheric measurements, ozone layer is getting thinner. Ozone depletion has been most severe at the poles, especially over Antarctica, where a seasonal ozone layer "hole" appears. The Antarctic ozone hole was discovered in 1985 by British scientists: it is not technically a “hole” where no ozone is present, but is actually a region of exceptionally depleted ozone in the stratosphere over the Antarctic that happens at the beginning of Southern Hemisphere spring (August-October). An endlessly circling whirlpool of stratospheric winds called the "polar vortex" isolates the air over Antarctica in winter. The ozone hole grows throughout the early spring until temperatures warm and the polar vortex weakens, ending the isolation of the air. As air from the surrounding latitudes mixes into the polar region, the ozone layer stabilizes until the following spring.

Image:Ozone cycle.jpgAccording to scientists, certain man-made chemicals are major contributors to the problem. These chemicals are called Ozone-Depleting Substances (ODS) and include many gases containing chlorine and bromine, such as: chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs, substances containing chlorine, fluorine and carbon) used in refrigerators and blowing agents for foams; the "Halons", used for fire fighting; methyl bromide, used in agriculture.

Since the Second World War, CFCs have been widely employed, mainly because they are chemically inert and, as a consequence, non toxic and extremely stable.
CFCs do not dissolve in rain: after several years, carried by the winds, they reach the stratosphere without being modified. Here their molecules are broken down by the intense UV light, and free chlorine atoms are created by this degradation.
Each chlorine atom can destroy several thousands of ozone molecules before being removed from the atmosphere: chlorine is a catalyst for the ozone depletion. Bromine (e.g. from methyl bromide, used by farmers as a fumigant) is even more effective than chlorine.

Effects of the reduction of the ozone layer

Increase in Ultraviolet Radiation

The reduction of ozone layer will cause an increase of Ultra Violet (UV) radiation at earth level. An excess of UV rays has been linked to skin burns, skin cancer, cataracts, and harm to certain crops and marine organisms.

Since the ozone layer absorbs Ultraviolet light-B (UVB) from the Sun. UVB affects the outer layer of the skin, the epidermis and it’s the primary agent responsible for sunburns. It is the most intense between the hours of 10:00am and 2:00pm when the sunlight is brightest. It is also more intense in the summer months accounting for 70% of a person yearly UVB dose. Ozone layer depletion is expected to increase surface UVB levels, which could lead to damage, including increases in skin cancer. This was the reason for the Montreal Protocol. Although decreases in stratospheric ozone are well-tied to CFCs and there are good theoretical reasons to believe that decreases in ozone will lead to increases in surface UVB, there is no direct observational evidence linking ozone depletion to higher incidence of skin cancer in human beings. This is partly due to the fact that UVA, which has also been implicated in some forms of skin cancer, is not absorbed by ozone, and it is nearly impossible to control statistics for lifestyle changes in the populace.

Ozone, while a minority constituent in the earth's atmosphere, is responsible for most of the absorption of UVB radiation. The amount of UVB radiation that penetrates through the ozone layer decreases exponentially with the slant-path thickness/density of the layer. Correspondingly, a decrease in atmospheric ozone is expected to give rise to significantly increased levels of UVB near the surface. Increases in surface UVB due to the ozone hole can be partially inferred by radioactive transfer model calculations, but cannot be calculated from direct measurements because of the lack of reliable historical (pre-ozone-hole) surface UV data, although more recent surface UV observation measurement programmes exist (e.g. at Lauder, New Zealand).

Because it is this same UV radiation that creates ozone in the ozone layer from O2 (regular oxygen) in the first place, a reduction in stratospheric ozone would actually tend to increase photochemical production of ozone at lower levels (in the troposphere), although the overall observed trends in total column ozone still show a decrease, largely because ozone produced lower down has a naturally shorter photochemical lifetime, so it is destroyed before the concentrations could reach a level which would compensate for the ozone reduction higher up.

Biological effects of Increased UV and microwave radiation from a depleted ozone layer

The main public concern regarding the ozone hole has been the effects of surface UV on human health. So far, ozone depletion in most locations has been typically a few percent and, as noted above, no direct evidence of health damage is available in most latitudes. Were the high levels of depletion seen in the ozone hole ever to be common across the globe, the effects could be substantially more dramatic. As the ozone hole over Antarctica has in some instances grown as large as to reach southern parts of Australia and New Zealand, environmentalists have been concerned that the increase in surface UV could be significant.

Effects of Ozone layer degredation on Humans

Ultra Violet B (the higher energy UV radiation absorbed by ozone) is generally accepted to be a contributory factor to skin cancer. In addition, increased surface UV leads to increased troposphere ozone, which is a health risk to humans. The increased surface UV also represents an increase in the vitamin D synthetic capacity of the sunlight.

The cancer preventive effects of vitamin D represent a possible beneficial effect of ozone depletion. In terms of health costs, the possible benefits of increased Ultra Violet (UV) irradiance may outweigh the burden.

1. Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinomas: The most common forms of skin cancer in humans, basal and squamous cell carcinomas, have been strongly linked to UVB exposure. The mechanism by which UVB induces these cancers is well understood absorption of UVB radiation causes the pyrimidine bases in the DNA molecule to form dimmers, resulting in transcription errors when the DNA replicates. These cancers are relatively mild and rarely fatal, although the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma sometimes requires extensive reconstructive surgery. By combining epidemiological data with results of animal studies, scientists have estimated that a one percent decrease in stratospheric ozone would increase the incidence of these cancers by 2%.

2. Malignant Melanoma: Another form of skin cancer, malignant melanoma, is much less common but far more dangerous, being lethal in about 15% - 20% of the cases diagnosed. The relationship between malignant melanoma and ultraviolet exposure is not yet well understood, but it appears that both UVB and UVA are involved. Experiments on fish suggest that 90 to 95% of malignant melanomas may be due to UVA and visible radiation whereas experiments on opossums suggest a larger role for UVB. Because of this uncertainty, it is difficult to estimate the impact of ozone depletion on melanoma incidence. One study showed that a 10% increase in UVB radiation was associated with a 19% increase in melanomas for men and 16% for women. A study of people in Punta Arenas, at the southern tip of Chile, showed a 56% increase in melanoma and a 46% increase in no melanoma skin cancer over a period of seven years, along with decreased ozone and increased UVB levels.

3. Cortical Cataracts: Studies are suggestive of an association between ocular cortical cataracts and UV-B exposure, using crude approximations of exposure and various cataract assessment techniques. A detailed assessment of ocular exposure to UV-B was carried out in a study on Chesapeake Bay Watermen, where increases in average annual ocular exposure were associated with increasing risk of cortical opacity. In this highly exposed group of predominantly white males, the evidence linking cortical opacities to sunlight exposure was the strongest to date. However, subsequent data from a population-based study in Beaver Dam, WI suggested the risk may be confined to men. In the Beaver Dam study, the exposures among women were lower than exposures among men, and no association was seen. Moreover, there were no data linking sunlight exposure to risk of cataract in African Americans, although other eye diseases have different prevalences among the different racial groups, and cortical opacity appears to be higher in African Americans compared with whites.

4. Increase in Troposphere Ozone: Increased surface UV leads to increased troposphere ozone. Ground-level ozone is generally recognized to be a health risk, as ozone is toxic due to its strong oxidant properties. At this time, ozone at ground level is produced mainly by the action of UV radiation on combustion gases from vehicle exhausts.

Effects on Crops & Plankton

An increase of Ultra Violet (UV) radiation would be expected to affect crops and planktons. A number of economically important species of plants, such as rice, depend on cyan bacteria residing on their roots for the retention of nitrogen. Cyan bacteria are sensitive to UV light and they would be affected by its increase. Research has shown a widespread extinction of plankton 2 million years ago that coincided with a nearby supernova. There is a difference in the orientation and motility of planktons when excess of UV rays reach earth. Researchers speculate that the extinction was caused by a significant weakening of the ozone layer at that time when the radiation from the supernova produced nitrogen oxides that catalyzed the destruction of ozone (plankton are particularly susceptible to effects of UV light, and are vitally important to marine food webs).

In stopping Ozone layer degradation, CFCs and other Ozone Depleting Substances should be replaced with environmentally safe substances. Researches are going on for identifying the best alternative substances; presently HCFCs (hydro chlorofluorocarbons, substances containing hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, carbon) are replacing CFCs, being much less harmful for the ozone layer. In the future, HCFCs will be phased out, too. The "Montreal Protocol" is the 1987 international treaty governing the protection of stratospheric ozone agreement to phase out the Ozone Depleting Substances. According to the Montreal Protocol (and successive amendments) usage of the CFCs and most Halons have been reduced or phased out; other ODS, like HCFCs, will be phased out in the future. Anyway, even if the consumption of all ODS gases would be completely discontinued; it will take a lot of years before complete recovering of the ozone layer, due to their persistence in the atmosphere.

References:

www.google.com

www.ask.com

www.answers.com

www.wikipedia.org

Search words: *Ozone layer degradation/reduction/depletion

*Harmful effects of Ozone layer degradation

esate study carried out on LSDPC Medium Housing Estate, Phase 4, ogba

LSDPC Medium Housing Estate, Phase 4

Introduction

LSDPC Medium Housing Estate Phase 4 is the fourth phase of the Lagos state development and property cooperation plan that was executed over 20years ago. The phase of the LSDPC housing project is aimed at providing premium housing qualities and facilities for the medium income earners in Lagos state. Some of the landlords bought their flats on mortgage. Most residents of this estate are Lagos state’s top government officials, entrepreneurs and professionals. LSPDC is a cooperation that was founded to serve as major and foremost corporate housing developer in the nation, to continue to be in the forefront of providing residential and commercial housing for the citizens of Lagos state. LSDPC is also expected to carry out its operations as a commercial corporation propelled by motives of minimal profit and social services, to set high standards in property maintenance and so on.

LSDPC was created in 1972 with the purpose of having acentral body to be charged with all the functions of the existing different bodies. This however led to the inheritance of the liabilities and assets of LEDB (Lagos Executive Development Board), ETPA (Epe Town Planning Authority) and IAPA (Ikeja Area Planning Authority). The LSDPC Edict No. 1 of 1972 bestowed legality on this metamorphosis. Howver the power to control development of lagos state estate was transferred back in 1978.

Estate Layout

The estate is well laid out with a peaceful and beautiful serenity. LSDPC Medium phase 4 has just one major road which serves as the entrance and exit point to and from the estate. Most of the links within the estate are parks, one can hardly find streets. Examples are Cactus Park, Lilly Park, peacock road, Eagle Park, Robin Park and so on.

Housing types

The type of houses and structures found inside LSDPC medium phase are flats of a storey building and bungalows. In a storey building, there exist 4 flats of 3 bedrooms, 2 sitting rooms alongside 2 toilets, bathrooms and a kitchen with a spacious car park. The bungalows have the same facilities but what makes the difference is the storey building i.e. the structure. However, the number of a single storey structure is more than that of the bungalows in the estate. These bungalows were built recently after the government as approved the buying of land parcels within the estate, thereby creating room for interested buyers and real estate investors to buy land parcels and erect their choice structure which is in line with the LSDPC building codes within LSDPC estates.

These structures are beautified with flowers planted around it which also serves as plot/flats separators. Some structures are however fenced round. The housing structures found in here are however well built and well maintained. There are 108 blocks in the estate and they are well distributed. The parks are connected with well laid out roads and footpaths that makes the estate accessible for vehicular and pedestrian movements.

Social infrastructures and amenities

* Electricity and water supply: Aside the beautiful and well maintained housing structures found within the estate, there are other amenities like transformers which serve the entire estate with electricity, water supply isn’t a problem as majority of the residents have personal home built bole holes that serve as their source of water supply.

* Drainage channel and Recreational facilities: The drainage facilities and channels within the estate is always clean and well kept. As planted flowers, shrubs and trees provides a beautiful atmosphere for the outlook of the entire estate. There also exists an open field which is front of the only hospital within the estate. According to information gathered during our survey, most of the children within the estate usually gather on this field during the evening hours to play soccer.

* Street lights and community hall: However, there are also plans by the estate’s residents and executives to create a permanent site for recreational activities and community hall. According to information granted by an estate resident, the street lights within the estate are functional all nights and gives the estate a beautiful look.

* Health facility is provided by the only hospital within the estate called Fanimed Hospital. Fanimed Hospital is a multi-specialty medical centre located within the estate off Oba Ogunji road which is off ijaiye-isheri road, ogba-ikeja.

Security and Transportation

Security within the estate is on the average level but at the entrance, security is tight as the security guards at the gate make sure everyone making entrance into the estate is being asked for his or her destination, this also applies to vehicle users. Area G Police station at Ogba is one major security institution that is close to the estate, likewise Elere Police station at Pen cinema, Agege. Motorcycles are not allowed within the estate and commercial form of transportation is of no need within the estate. Most of the residents have their individual vehicles. An exit from the estate leads you to the major secondary road known as Oba Ogunji road, this estate is easily accessible from Adeniyi Jones, Oba Akran avenue, Wempco road, Agindigbi, Ijaiye road, Isheri road and pen - cinema.

Socio Economic Activities

LSDPC Medium phase 4 is well planned and organized to the extent that there are no large markets or shopping malls in medium phase 4 but there are plenty of local stores and small supermarkets selling groceries. There is a popular eatery called pizza splash 1, there are also drinking joints. There are no guest houses within the estate. There also exist bill boards of some in house training schools for catering, and other forms of technical training like fashion designing.

Major problems within the estate

* Noise and Air pollution emanating from the generating sets of the individual estate residents is one major problem being faced by the residents of the estate. It is however unfortunate that this particular problem will continue to persist as a result of the erratic power supply in the country which necessitates the use of this power generating sets. Exhaust from the generating sets also posses threats to the health of the residents as CO is dangerous. Unfortunately, almost all the residents have generators which are of various KVA and sizes. They produce different sounds.

* Another major problem is the improperly disposed refuse. There is lack of a central temporary refuse disposal point where PSP operators could pick the estate’s refuse collectively. Residents have there kept in front of their houses littered with bad odour emanating from them. This posses threat to health via diseases of various organisms

* They are also some untarred roads at some parks in the estate.

Adjoining problems

Adjoining the medium estate phase 4 is another estate called keke housing estate at the back gate of the estate while at the front of the estate is the major oba ogunji road and a filling station.

The drainage channel outside the estate is poor and not well kept. The drainage is not flowing and the sight is an eyesore. At the front gate is the noise pollution emanating from the oba ogunji road, most especially during the rush hours in the evening when traffic is usually heavy

Refrences:

* www.google.com

* www.omolephase2.com

* www.nairaland.com

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Lagos state physical planning and development authority, old secretariat

estate study carried out on Omole phase 2 Housing Estate

Omole phase 2 Housing Estate

Introduction

Omole Phase 2 is a Government Reserved Residential Area in Lagos State of Nigeria. Omole phase 2 was created during the administration of General Mobolaji Johnson as the military governor of Lagos state in 1975. The land mass was formerly used for agricultural purposes. Omole phase 2 is bounded by Berger, Isheri - Olowora and the Lagos- Ibadan Expressway which is located about six kilometers west of Ikeja, the Capital city of Lagos State. Omole phase 2 is a quiet and peaceful estate with beautiful layout out and houses. Its beauty beckons on you to come. Many real estate investors prefer Omole phase 2 to Omole phase 1 because of the pace at which you get to beat traffic when you live in phase 2 courtesy the Lagos-Ibadan expressway which is very close and enables the platform to cut off the usual traffic jam within the city. It has several facilities which serve the inhabitants of the community. Omole is close to the Lagos-Ibadan Express, one of the main highways in the city. However, traffic is often heavy during rush hour but most residents don’t usually have problems accessing their abodes. The Estate offers a serene environment and proximity to the Lagos Mainland, Island and other states through the Lagos- Ibadan Expressway.

Estate Layout: The estate’s layout is in form of a grid pattern and most road networks within the estate are access roads of in which virtually all the roads in the estates are untarred with exception of the main access roads which serves as the major entrance and exit to the estate and with the exception of Rev. Emmanuel Adubifa Street.

Housing Types & Cost: Omole phase 2 is mostly inhabited by senior government officials, industrialists and top professionals. It offers decent accommodation with beautiful and efficient facilities and services. Most houses within the estate come in various styles and shapes. In there we have mansions, bungalows, duplex, flats and most of the properties are privately secured aside the estate security which guards and monitors the estate. In getting nice photos and views of the various beautiful houses within the estate, some of the landlords that sighted my presence denied me the chance to take a snap of some of their houses, however I was able to manipulate and get some good photos of some of the house within tjh estate. Most of the houses have nice and beautiful flower beds which gives a very good and attractive landscape to the layout of their surroundings. The value of the various properties within the estate varies on the type of property and the incentives that make up the property. According to Lagos real estate surveyors and www.nairaland.com, a recent 5 bedroom fully detached duplex is estimated at 70million naira while a plot of land goes for 80million naira asking price.

Transportation & Security: The Estate is well served by buses, taxis and commercial motorcycles although most residents have their own private cars. There is particular team of motorcycles that are allowed within the estates and from information gathered this team of okada riders are to register with the estate transport board for an undisclosed amount before they could be permitted to carry out commercial transport activities. In terms of security, Omole is close to the Lagos-Ibadan Express, one of the main highways in the city. However, traffic is often heavy during rush hour. The area is dotted with police posts and checkpoints and there are frequent patrols especially at night. There is also a good security service on the estates offered by the Omole Phase 2 Security Patrol Team.

Socio-economic activities and Social Infrastructural facilities: Omole phase 2 is well planned and organized to the extent that there are no large markets or shopping malls in Omole but there are plenty of local stores selling groceries. There are several eateries, drinking joints and guest houses in and around the area for relaxation. The saddle club which is one major relaxation spot for the top officials who reside in the estate and around Lagos is at the entrance to the estate. Ikeja saddle club is a club where the only activity there is horse riding. The club has a large expanse of Land. There are also religious institutions and academic institutions within the estate. Water supply isn’t an issue in the estate as most residents have their own bole holes and source of water.

In the area of infrastructures and basic amenities within the estate, electricity, good drainage networks and channels are some of the facilities beckoned on the estate. During my survey I observed that most of the drainage channels within the estate were clean and well laid out, the estate also has Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) at strategic point to the entrance and exit of the estate and they are well secured as they are sited close to the security check points of the estate’s entrance and exit.

Photos of well disposed refuse in the refuse bins by some of the estate residents, ATM at the back gate leading to the expressway, good and clean drainage channel within the estate

Major problems within the estate:

Poor power supply and untarred roads: Haven gone through all these goods qualities about the estate, this doesn’t rule out the fact the residence are satisfied with everything in the estate as some of them complain of the existence of inbuilt drainage channels with the estate, as some of the residence still have complains of bad roads, poor and irregular power supply as some them rely on generating sets which causes air & noise pollutions. During the survey, we also observed that there are still some buildings under going constructions within the estate and there are uncompleted, abandoned structures within the estate as well. Also, we have some structures marked as illegal by the LSDPC.

Lack of recreational facilities: From reliable information gathered from the estate officers, the estate has no recreational facilities. I also gathered that the saddle club isn’t for the estate but for top officials who stay far away from the estate.

Photos of illegal structures marked by LSDPC and some on going constructions

Adjoining problems: the estate is not faced with some much adjoining problems, the only and which seems to be the major problem is traffic jam along the major entrance to the estate from Ojodu - Berger, of which the expressway serves as the alternative route of exit and entrance for only residents. Aside this, the estate is okay and peaceful and worth living and having ones abode in. Why not come enjoy the serene environment the nature offers, peaceful neighborhood, secure place, a nice place to stay and invest as real estate investor.

Other pictures

BU

References:

* www.google.com

* www.omolephase2.com

* www.nairaland.com

* www.castlemag.com

* Mr. Abiru Olowofela of No. 10 Tobak Okunoren crescent, Omole phase 2

* Lagos state physical planning and development authority, old secretariat, Ikeja

* Mr. Okey, Admin. Officer, Omole Phase 2 Community Development Authority

* www.mapntl.com